Leftovers and the Two-Hour Rule: Cool Them Promptly

Leftovers can make meals easier, but time and temperature matter. FoodSafety.gov advises refrigerating perishable foods within two hours. If the food is exposed to temperatures above 90°F, such as in a hot car or at a summer picnic, the limit is one hour. When the time has passed, smell and appearance cannot reliably tell you whether food is safe.

Cool and store food promptly

Divide a large pot or tray into smaller portions and place them in shallow containers so they cool more quickly. Refrigerate promptly rather than waiting for food to reach room temperature on the counter. Keep the refrigerator at 40°F or below. Store leftovers covered and label them with the date so it is easier to keep track.

Use leftovers within the recommended window

FoodSafety.gov advises using cooked leftovers within four days and reheating leftovers to 165°F. A food thermometer is more reliable than judging by steam or touch. When microwaving, stir or rotate where appropriate because microwave heating can be uneven, then let food stand as package directions indicate. Follow special handling instructions for specific products and populations.

When in doubt, throw it out

Do not taste food to test whether it is safe. Discard perishable food left out beyond the recommended time. People who are pregnant, age 65 or older, younger than five, or immunocompromised are more likely to develop serious foodborne illness and should take particular care.

Freezing can keep food safe for longer, but it does not destroy all harmful germs. Thaw frozen leftovers safely in the refrigerator, microwave, or cold water as appropriate, not on the counter. These basic steps reduce risk while helping you use food efficiently.

Sources and further reading

• 4 Steps to Food Safety — FoodSafety.gov.
• People at Risk of Food Poisoning — FoodSafety.gov.

Health disclaimer

This article is for general education only. Its information and suggestions are not medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment and may not be right for everyone. Ask a qualified health professional for advice that fits your health, medications, and needs before changing your diet, exercise, supplement use, or care.